What is reproductive and sexual health?
Reproductive and sexual health refers to the physical, mental, and social well-being related to the reproductive system and sexual function throughout an individual's lifespan. It is defined by the World Health Organization as a state of complete well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Key components of sexual and reproductive health include:
Reproductive autonomy: Individuals should have the freedom and means to decide if, when, and how many children to have. This requires access to family planning information and services, including safe and effective contraception.
Sexual health: Individuals should be able to enjoy safe, responsible, and satisfying sexual experiences without fear of sexually transmitted infections or unintended pregnancy. This necessitates access to accurate information about sexual and reproductive health, as well as knowledge of preventive measures against sexually transmitted infections.
Maternal-child health: Access to quality medical care during pregnancy and childbirth is critical to ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and infant.
Common reproductive and sexual health problems include:
Sexual Health
- Sexual function and satisfaction
- Prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Contraception and family planning
Maternal Health
- Prenatal care and monitoring
- Safe pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care
Gynaecological Health
- Menstrual health and management of menstrual disorders
- Screening and prevention of reproductive cancers (e.g. cervical, ovarian, uterine)
- Management of reproductive system conditions (e.g. endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome)
Fertility and Infertility
- Evaluation and treatment of infertility
- Access to assisted reproductive technologies (e.g. in vitro fertilization (IVF) and Intrauterine insemination (IUI))
- Fertility preservation (e.g. egg freezing)
Reference
- Sexual & Reproductive Health. United Nations Population Fund. (n.d.). https://www.unfpa.org/sexual-reproductive-health#readmore-expand
- World Health Organization. (n.d.-d). Sexual and reproductive health and rights. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-rights#tab=tab_1